This is the normal range for creatinine. Increasing your physical activities will help your creatinine levels.  Low creatinine is dangerous and harmful. Muscle and liver disease can lead to lower creatinine levels. Elevated levels can lead to more harmful effects. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and high blood pressure. Higher creatinine symptoms include kidney failure and dehydrations.

Anaphylaxis shock is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. A patient can experience nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, and trouble breathing. Anaphylaxis is treated with an injection of epinephrine.

Septic shock is because of infections. Heart problems will lead to cardiogenic shock. Neurogenic shock is caused by damage to your nervous system.

One of the primary functions of the housing is to minimize radiation leakage. The x-ray tube is lined with lead and helps minimize leakage.

Glass tube envelopes are made of borosilicate glass. This helps with the heat inside the tube. The housing does not retain the heat from the glass tube. The housing around the x-ray tube is there for electrical shock protection. The housing around the x-ray tube has nothing to do with image production.

Erythema is the redness of the skin caused by the congestion or increased blow flow of capillaries in the lower layers of skin. Erythema is a common side effect of radiotherapy treatment.

Psoriasis starts underneath the skin. It is a chronic disease of the immune system. Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding. Eczema is a common skin condition marked by itchy and inflamed patches of skin.

Trendelenburg is when a patient lays in a supine position with the head lower than the feet. The degree of inclination is 15-30 degrees.

Fowler's is when a patient is sitting up in the bed. When a patient lies on the side with the knee and thigh drawn upward toward the chest is the Sim's position. Lateral recumbent refers to a patient that is lying on their side.

A barium enema is an x-ray exam of the large intestine to detect any changes or abnormalities. After the exam, it is recommended to drink fluids for the next 6 hours. This will help move the barium through the bowels.

Patients should use laxatives to help relieve the pressure in the bowels. It is very important to monitor bowel movements. Bowel movements may be light in color for up to 72 hours after a procedure and should be checked for bleeding.

When moving a patient with a suspected spinal injury, it is recommended to use the log rolling technique. This will minimize any damage to the spine.

A log roll is not necessary when patient has an ankle fracture. If the patient has head trauma then stabilizing the neck is a top priority before a log roll is used.

Collimation restricts the useful x-ray beam to the part of the body being imaged and thereby spares adjacent tissue from unnecessary exposure.

Protective barrier refers to lead shielding and glass barriers. These are not used when restricting the x-ray beam. Filtration is when metal filters are used to absorb low-energy x-rays emitted from the x-ray tube. It does not restrict the x-ray beam in any way. Cassette Size is determined by the anatomy being imaged. It cannot restrict the x-ray beam.

REM (Radiation Equivalent Man) is used to express the quantity of radiation received by humans.

Roentgen is responsible to for discovering x-rays. He is not responsible for the unit of measurement. Radioactive early management is not a term used to measure a unit of radiation. There are no acronyms that stand for radiation evolved management. This does not measure radiation.

The NCRP requires that lead aprons have a minimum of 0.50 mm Pb.

Lead gloves have to be 0.25 mm Pb. The thyroid shield and bucky slot cover have the same requirements. A 0.35 requirement is for lead glasses. These tend to be used in long fluoroscopy cases. There is nothing that requires a minimum of 0.75 mm Pb.

Medical and dental radiation make up 90% of the radiation given to the general public.

Consumer products and industrial exposure, which includes the exposure from nuclear power plants makes up 2% of radiation. Radon is 37 % of rad levels depending on the uranium content of the soil. About 5% of the radiation is from outer space and is called cosmic radiation.

ALARA stands for "As Low As Reasonably Achievable". This should be remembered whenever using ionizing radiation on humans.

C/kg stands for coulomb per Kilogram. DAP stands for dose area product, a quantity used to assess a radiation risk from diagnostic x-rays. FID is short for focus to isocenter distance.

A Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) will schedule briefings and educational sessions to inform workers of ALARA programs and this should be done annually.

An RSO reviews radiation levels quarterly. A radiation safety program is reviewed annually. It is an RSO's responsibility to review radiation levels in unrestricted and restricted areas to determine that they were at ALARA levels.

Disinfectants are used to kill pathogenic bacteria. These can come in liquid sprays, wipes, and aerosol.

When preventing or arresting the growth of microorganisms, it is best to use an antiseptic. Chloroform is not used to kill any kind of bacteria. It is a liquid used as a solvent and formerly as a general anesthetic. Wet wipes are used to remove dirt and other particles from the skin.

When a radiographic image has unequal magnification of different portions of the same object this is called distortion. This is also considered a geometric factor.

Quantum Mottle does not change the size of the image. It refers to the random nature in which x-rays interact with the image receptors. Noise is considered a geometric factor and is the undesired fluctuation in the optical density. It does no effect the magnification. Even though focal spot blur is considered a geometric factor, it refers to a blurred region on a radiologic image. It does not affect the magnification.

When you change the mAs, this controls radiographic density. It does this by the quantity of x-rays produced.

Kvp deals more with changing the contrast of an image. The amount of penetration does not change the density. Filtration does not change the density in any way. SID changes the intensity and the density of a radiographic image. Therefore, it cannot change the density only.

In 1896, Thomas Edison invented fluoroscopy. His discovery of calcium tungstate screens were effective for turning x-rays to visible light.

Wilhelm Rontgen produced the first x-ray on November 8, 1895. This later earned him a Nobel Prize in 1901. The x-ray went public in 1920. Law enforcement started using it to inspect packages and luggage. Coolidge tubes were invented in 1913. These tubes enabled continuous x-ray emissions.

Kilovoltage peak also known as kvp is the peak voltage applied to x-ray. It alters the quality of the beam.

Milliampere-seconds are also more commonly known as mAs. This is a measurement of radiation produced over a set amount of time. A unit of absorbed dose is known as a Gray unit. REM (Radiation Equivalent Man) is a unit of the radiation dose from an x-ray.

Making sure the patient is satisfied is very important, but it is not necessary for a quality assurance program.

Efficiency of the equipment is a very important part of a quality assurance program. Having consistent quality in every radiographic image can be vital to a radiology department. Low patient dose is definitely needed in a good quality assurance program.

The correct way to view a radiograph is for the patient to be facing you. Most radiographs will have a right or left marker.

It is incorrect to view the x-ray with patient away from you. It is universally accepted that when viewing a radiograph, the patient is facing you. There are markers on a radiograph to help make sure you have it facing the correct way. It is incorrect to position the film as if the patient was on their side.

PACS stand for picture archiving and communication systems. This technology provides storage and convenient access to images from multiple modalities of radiology.

In a lateral decubitus, it is essential that the elevated lateral abdominal wall is included on the image to detect any free intraperitoneal gas. The patient will usually drink barium to help coat the intestinal wall.

A KUB is a generic x-ray used to evaluate the abdomen with no obstructions. The barium that is visualized makes it hard to see all the anatomy of the abdomen. When trying to evaluate air underneath the diaphragm, an upright abdominal x-ray can be utilized. An IVP is used when evaluating the patient's urinary tract. The patient is injected with contrast and images are taken in 5 minutes intervals to show the flow of urine.

The fallopian tubes are most suitable for an examination three days after a period has ended.

Right before is not a good time because the body is preparing for the menstrual cycle. The contrast used to evaluate the fallopian tubes will be filled with blood and will not give accurate results. During a period is not recommended because the blood is flowing out. It is hard to get helpful results if the fallopian tubes cannot be filled correctly.

On a correct chest x-ray, the trachea, lungs and upper thoracic should be visualized.

If the patient is positioned correctly, more than 8 posterior ribs should be visualized. There should be 10 posterior ribs easy visualized. A chest x-ray should be taken on inspiration. The lungs are not properly displayed if they are not fully expanded. If the top of the iliac crest is seen then the film is positioned too low. If the crest is visualized then more likely the top of the lungs will be cut off.

The zygomatic arch is fractured on the left side. The zygomatic bone is located below and lateral to the eye socket.

The styloid process is unable to be visualized on this view. This bone is a slender pointed part of the temporal bone. The parietal bone is located on the sides and roof of the cranium. The arrow is pointing to a bone that is lateral of the nasal bone. The nasal bone is the central line in the middle of the skull.

An abdominal hernia is an opening in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents can protrude.

A blockage keeping liquids or foods from passing through the small intestine is called a small bowel obstruction. Fluid on the lungs is clinically called pleural effusion and does not tear the diaphragm. Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, which is located at the junction of the small and large intestines, not near the diaphragm.

This shoulder is rotated externally. The greater tuberosity is turned medially.

The lateral view is the side the shoulder. This view is to help visualize the scapula. The greater tuberosity in lateral on the head of the humerus. This view is internally rotated.

GERD is a condition in which the stomach contents pass back up into the esophagus. It stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

The fracture is the 5th Proximal Phalanx. The Proximal Phalanx connects the Metacarpal bone to the Middle Phalanx.

The carpal bones make the wrist. There is a total of eight bones in the wrist. The middle phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx. The metacarpal bones make up the palm of your hand. The fracture is outside the palm.

This patient is suffering from a condition known as Situs inversus. The major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions.

The ribs are easily visualized and none of them are broken. Pleural effusion is fluid around the lungs. The corners for the lungs are typically rounded when fluid is present. This image does not show a dislocated shoulder.