Sanitation is the lowest level of infection control, as it keeps the area sanitized, which is unfavorable for the growth of bacteria. An example of sanitation would be washing your hands before performing a service.

Disinfection kills most microbes. Remember, not all microbes are killed in a disinfecting solution. Some form spores not affected by heat or cold. An example of disinfection would be allowing your non porous tools (comb, brush, shears) to be immersed in a disinfecting solution after using them on a client.

Porous items must be discarded since they cannot be disinfected.

Universal Precautions are infection control practices that are used with every client. An apparently healthy client may be an asymptomatic carrier, or someone who may be a carrier of viruses or diseases with no recognizable symptoms. For this reason, all clients need to have the same infection control procedures done.

Human Hepatitis B is a highly infectious disease that affects the liver.

When an electrical burn occurs, immerse the burned area in cool water immediately.

Tourniquets may result in a subsequent medical amputation and are not recommended.

Never pat the victim on the back. This may lodge the item further.

The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard was created in 2001.

The technical name for the study of hair is trichology.

The 3 stages of hair growth are anagen, catagen and telogen. The active growing stage is called the anagen stage, where the root sheath is attached to the hair fiber. The catagen stage is a quick stage when all cell division stops, and the root sheath begins to separate from the hair fiber. The telogen stage is a stage where the hair fiber has no attached root sheath, and the hair fiber falls out.

The cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair strand.

Soft water is most preferred for shampooing, because it is easy to lather, due it being free from minerals.

The client presents with what appears to be ringworm of the scalp, called tinea capitis. Tinea corporis is ringworm of the body; tinea pedis is of the foot; and tinea cruris is of the groin.

Shampoos with a high ph may cause hair to become dry and brittle.

The Marcel iron was invented by Marcel Grateau in 1875.

Test the iron on a white paper towel. If it turns the paper towel a color, it is too hot to use on your client's hair.

Fishhook ends are the name given to crinkled or creased ends, caused by allowing the hair end to stick out over the top of the iron

When performing a hair pressing service with a pressing comb, it is the spine of the comb that straightens the hair.

The base, stem and circle are the three components of a pincurl.

The ring finger controls the stationary blade of the shears.

Another word for elevation is projection.

The two types of guide used in haircutting are stationary and traveling (mobile).

A shag is cut at 180 degrees.

A part is a smaller subsection of hair.

Red, blue and yellow are primary colors.

According to the color wheel, blue and orange are complementary colors. Blue is used to neutralize the warmth of the orange (brassy) tone. Other complementary colors are red and green, yellow and violet.

All colors that contain an aniline derivative tint require a patch test. A patch test involves applying the desired formula to the client's skin, allowing time to process and looking for signs of allergy such as itching, burning, redness, etc.

Spray on haircolor is classified as a temporary haircolor.

Permanent colors can lift natural pigment and deposit color in a single process.

20 volume developer contains 6% peroxide.

Decolorizing hair and recolorizing it to the desired level and tone is called a double process technique. A double process technique is done when the desired color cannot be achieved through a single process of color.

Always refer to the manufacturer's directions when determining how long a color should process.

If a client has a low grade fever, their body temperature is already elevated. Elevated body temperatures will speed up the processing time of the perm causing it to over process the hair and may cause damage. It is best not to perform the service.

The croquignole method is also referred to as an overlap method. This involves wrapping the hair from the ends, to the scalp.

When a client has heavy density hair, it is recommended to take smaller partings to allow for even absorption of the permanent wave solution.

During the permanent wave service, the perm solution breaks the disulfide bonds in the hair.

In order to make a complete curl when wrapping hair for a perm service, the hair must be wound around the tool 2.5 times

The most common ingredient used today in relaxers is sodium hydroxide.

Ammonium thioglycolate and Sodium Hydroxide are completely incompatible. The client must wait until her hair has grown out from the hair that was treated with ammonium thioglycolate.

Overlapping relaxer may cause damage to previously relaxed hair, and is not recommended.

Neutralizing shampoo is used to lower the ph of the hair after a relaxer service. It also reforms disulfide bonds making the hair permanently straighter.

The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis

The ph level of hair, skin and nails is 4.5 - 5.5.

The client most likely has the combination skin type. The combination skin type typically presents with dry and flaky parts while the center of the face (nose, chin, forehead) is oily.

The white half-moon shape at the base of the nail is the lunula.

Onychophagy refers to bitten nails.

If a technician gets a cut while performing a nail service, the service must be stopped immediately and blood spill procedures followed. After proper procedures are complied with, the technician can return to service.

The lowest level of skin where cell growth occurs through mitosis, is known as the Stratum Germinativum.

4 to 6 months is the amount of time that it takes for growth of a new nail to occur.