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2023 Edition

Optician NOCE Practice Test

Take this free practice test to see how prepared you are for the National Opticianry Competency Exam. The NOCE covers the following six domains: (1) Ophthamic Optics; (2) Ocular Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology and Refraction; (3) Ophthalmic Products; (4) Instrumentation; (5) Dispensing Procedures; and (6) Law, Regulation and Standards. The NOCE is a two hour exam with 125 quetions. For full lengthc study, try our 300 question NOCE Practice Exam.

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Domain I - Ophthalmic Optics

1.	A lens' focal length can be altered by:
		a. Changing the curvature of one surface
		b. Coating the surface
		c. Making the lens bigger
		d. Making the lens smaller
Changing the curvature of one surface. A lens with a higher angle of curvature will have a shorter focal length because the light waves are refracted at a greater angle with respect to the optical axis of the lens. As the refractive index increases or becomes more curved, the focal length of the lens decreases. Coating the surface of the lens will only change the properties of the surface not the focal length and changing the diameter while keeping the curvature of the surfaces of the lens the same, does not impact the angle of curvature or how light waves are refracted. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

2.	Meniscus, equiconcave and flat concave are types of:
		a. Astigmatic lenses
		b. Minus lenses
		c. Plus lenses
		d. Spherocylinder lenses
Minus lenses correct for near-sightedness or myopia which means a person can see objects close but cannot see far away. Lenses used to correct this are flatter on the front surface and more curved on the backside making the thinnest point in the center of the lens. A lens which has two spherical curved surfaces, concave on one side and convex on the other side is called a meniscus lens. When both surfaces of the lens are concave, therefore having the same focal length, it is called an equiconcave lens. Flat concave lenses have a flat surface on one side and a spherical surface on the other. Equiconvex, flat convex and meniscus are types of plus lenses. A meniscus lens can be either a plus or minus lens however, concave refers to minus lenses while, convex refers to plus lenses. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

3.	What kind of lens has one convex and one concave surface?
		a. Biconcave
		b. Biconvex
		c. Meniscus
		d. Plano-convex
A meniscus lens has one convex and one concave surface. A negative meniscus is thinner at the center than at the edges and a positive meniscus lens is steeper on the convex side making it thicker at the center and thinner on the edges. Meniscus lenses are used for vision correction in both myopic and hyperopic eyes. Biconcave lenses have two concave surfaces and biconvex have two convex surfaces. A plano-convex lens has one flat surface and one convex surface. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

4.	Axis is the notation of power on a lens.
		True
		False
False - The axis of a lens notates the position of the astigmatism power, not the amount of power. The sphere denotes the power of the lens required and the cylinder is the amount of power needed to correct for astigmatism. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

5.	Which word is used to describe light's changing direction as it passes from one medium to another?
		a. Diffusion
		b. Reflection
		c. Refraction
		d. Retraction
Refraction refers to how light slows and bends when passing from air, a light-density medium into transparent glass or plastic, a high-density medium. When light passes from air through a denser medium such as a lens, the light will bend toward the normal because of the changing velocity at the surface between the two media. Diffusion refers to light being scattered when passing through an irregular surface. Reflection is when light is bounced off a smooth surface, the light will reflect at the same angle as it does when it hits the surface. Dispersion is when white light is split into its component colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet, when refracted. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

Domain II - Ocular Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology and Refraction

6.	What controls the amount of light that enters the eye?
		a. Crystalline Lens
		b. Fovea
		c. Iris
		d. Pupil
The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the muscles of the iris. These muscles control the size of the pupil, making it larger (dilated) to allow more light in or smaller (constricted) to restrict the amount of light entering. Under low light conditions, the iris opens making the pupil larger and they constrict in bright light conditions. The crystalline lens is located posterior to the iris and is made up of mostly proteins producing one third of the eye’s natural power and focuses light into an image on the retina. In the center of the posterior portion of the retina is a small, flat spot called the fovea, which is responsible for high-acuity vision. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

7.	What is the term used to describe the eye's tendency to turn from its normal position?
		a. Exophoria
		b. Exotropia
		c. Phoria
		d. Tropia
A phoria is defined as a misalignment of the eyes, appearing only when binocular viewing is broken. It is only apparent some of the time and occurs when the eyes are fatigued, and the person cannot compensate for the deviation. Unlike a phoria, a tropia is when the eye never straightens out and is constantly turned in, out, up, or down. Exophoria occurs when the eyes drift outward but is temporary, usually caused when the eyes are tired or stressed, or during close vision tasks. Exotropia is also an outward turning of the eyes; however, it is more frequent and noticeable, even when both eyes are open and trying to work together. Exophoria occurs when the eyes drift outward but is temporary, usually caused when the eyes are tired or stressed, or during close vision tasks. Exotropia is also an outward turning of the eyes, however, it is more frequent and noticeable, even when both eyes are open and trying to work together. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

8.	What is the refractive condition in which light focuses directly on the retina?
		a. Emmetropia
		b. Hyperopia
		c. Myopia
		d. Presbyopia
Emmetropia is the medical term for naturally occurring vision. An emmetropic eye does not require vision correction because the light entering the eye focuses directly on the retina. Hyperopia (or farsightedness) occurs when the light focuses behind the retina and Myopia (or nearsightedness) is when the light focuses in front of the retina. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

9.	How is multifocal height usually measured?
		a. From the lower edge of the lens
		b. From the upper edge of the lens
		c. From the lower edge of the frame
		d. From the upper edge of the frame
A multifocal height is measured from the lower edge of the lens to the center of the pupil. It is always important to adjust the frame to the person before measuring to allow for accurate placement of the multifocal. Taking this measurement from the lower edge of the frame will add extra millimeters to the measurement and cause the multifocal to be placed too high. Measuring to the lower edge of the frame or lens will most likely cause the multifocal to be set too low. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

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10.	Which of the following is an advantage to a titanium frame?
		a. Corrosion resistant
		b. Easy to adjust
		c. Returns to original shape after bending
		d. None of the above
When titanium is exposed to air and moisture, it immediately forms a strong protective oxide film making it 100% corrosion resistant. Another advantage of a titanium frame is that the metal is hypoallergenic and will not cause an allergic reaction for those with sensitive skin or have a nickel allergy. The rigidity of the metal allows the frame to hold its shape making it more difficult, not easier to adjust for the dispenser. Memory metal frames, or nickel titanium alloys are not a pure titanium frame; they will return to its original shape after bending and are made up of 50% nickel and 50% titanium. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

11.	Which term is used to describe the outward inclination of the bottom of a framed lens?
		a. Pantoscopic
		b. Periscopic
		c. Retractive
		d. Retroscopic
Retroscopic tilt is used to describe the adjustment made to a frame which brings the bottom edge of the frame front outward from the face. This adjustment is made to prevent a frame from resting on a person’s cheek. Pantoscopic tilt will maximize the amount of the bridge surface that rests on the nose and will also raise the ocular center of the lens 1mm for every 2 degrees of tilt. Conversely, retroscopic tilt will lower the ocular center. All frames should have some pantoscopic tilt to optimize vision by balancing the vertex in the 90-degree meridian. Periscopic, as in periscopic vision, refers to having distinct vision all around and not only in a distinct or direct line. Retractive is an adjective that describes something that withdraws. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

12.	Aphakia is:
		a. The absence of accommodation
		b. The absence of the crystalline lens
		c. The presence of a cataract
		d. The presence of a refractive error
The absence of the crystalline lens is called aphakia. This condition can either be from birth or caused by injury. The crystalline lens is most often removed by an Ophthalmologist during cataract surgery and an artificial lens is put in its place to correct vision. Accommodation refers to the eyes’ diminished ability to focus between distances. The presence of a cataract or a refractive error may result in the removal of the crystalline lens during cataract surgery, however, it is not the definition of aphakia. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

13.	A patient with astigmatism has a ________ cornea.
		a. Clear
		b. Cloudy
		c. Misshapen
		d. Round
The cornea is the clear outer layer of the eye with the thickest part in the middle layer made up of water and a protein called collagen. The collagen helps keep the cornea’s regular round shape and makes it flexible and strong. When either the front surface of the eye, the cornea, or the lens inside the eye have mismatched or misshapen curves, astigmatism occurs causing blurred vision at all distances. When the cornea is cloudy, it is usually a sign of scarring, infection, an abrasion or swelling of the eye. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

14.	The cornea's index of refraction is:
		a. 1.31
		b. 1.37
		c. 1.47
		d. 1.51
Most of the refraction is at the cornea-air surface of the eye. The rays pass from the cornea into the aqueous humor (the watery fluid filling the space in front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea), which has a refractive index of approximately 1.336, making the refractive index of the cornea about 1.37. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

Domain III - Ophthalmic Products

15.	Frame materials are available in which two forms?
		a. Hard and soft
		b. Metal and plastic
		c. Rigid and flexible
		d. Round and square
Metal frames include materials such as Monel which is a mixture of a broad range of metals and is the most used material to manufacture eyeglass frames. Other metals include titanium and beta-titanium which offer light weight and durable options. Beryllium is a steel-gray metal that is light weight, very strong and flexible and is available in a variety of colors. Zyl is a plastic material that is very cost-effective and extremely light weight. Nylon is a material that is used primarily for sport or performance frames due to its resistance to hot and cold, and are more flexible, yet rigid enough to hold its shape. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

16.	Which frame adjustment lowers the front of the frame?
		a. Bending the pad arms down
		b. Bringing the pads closer together
		c. More pantoscopic tilt
		d. Spreading pads further apart
Spreading the pads further apart will increase the space between them and in turn will lower the frame front. Bending the pad arms down and bringing the pads closer together will raise the frame front. Adding pantoscopic tilt which brings the bottom of the frame edge towards the cheeks, will raise the frame front and the ocular center of the lenses. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

17.	Which lens characteristic corrects astigmatism?
		a. Cylinder power
		b. Minus power
		c. Plus power
		d. Prism power
Cylinder power indicates the amount of lens power needed to correct for astigmatism and must include an axis between 1 and 180 indicating the orientation of the astigmatism. Minus and plus powers are the powers needed to correct for near or farsightedness and are called the sphere power. Prism correction is used in eyeglasses to correct for double vision allowing the person to align two images so only one image is seen. Prism must include a direction, either in or out, or up or down depending on orientation of the doubled image. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

Domain IV - Instrumentation

18.	Which instrument measures vertex distance?
		a. Distometer
		b. Lensometer
		c. Polariscope
		d. Vertometer
Distometer. Vertex distance is the distance between the front surface of the cornea and the backside of a corrective lens mounted in a frame to be worn by the patient. Measuring the vertex distance with a distometer for prescriptions greater than 4 diopters ensures the accuracy of the necessary power. When plus lenses are moved toward the eye, perceived power is lost; when moved away from the eye, perceived power is gained. For minus lenses, it is the opposite: when lenses move toward the eye, perceived power is gained and when they move away from the eye, perceived power is lost. A lensometer is an instrument used in dispensaries to determine the diopter powers of a lens. A vertometer also measures the diopter power of a lens but is more precise and is used in laboratories to locate and mark the optical center of a lens for edging and mounting. A polariscope is used during the lens inspection process to detect stresses or defects in different types of lens materials. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

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19.	What material has the most favorable optical properties?
		a. Crown glass
		b. Plastic
		c. Polycarbonate
		d. Trivex
Crown Glass has a low index of refraction of 1.52 and an Abbe value of 59, which means that light travels faster through the material, making crown glass the leading choice for the sharpest optics. Higher Abbe numbers mean less dispersion, higher visual quality and reduced chromatic aberration. Crown Glass is also the most scratch-resistant material. Lenses with a higher refractive index are denser making them thinner and more attractive but they have more aberrations, decreasing the visual quality of the lens. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

20.	A polariscope is used to detect internal lens stress.
		True
		False
True - A polariscope used in optical laboratories detects internal lens stress to ensure the quality of the product. It is made up of a light source and two crossed polarized lenses to detect any imperfections in a lens caused by manufacturing. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

21.	A monocular PD is given as one number.
		True
		False
False - Mono meaning one, makes this confusing, however a monocular pupillary distance means each eye is assessed separately, resulting in two numbers, one for each eye. When a binocular pupillary distance is taken, the PD for each eye is added together, resulting in one number. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

22.	To what does a ptosis crutch give support?
		a. Lower lid
		b. Nasal bridge
		c. Nose pads
		d. Upper lid
Upper Lid. Ptosis occurs when the upper eyelid is not functioning properly or has grown weak and struggles to open and close on its own. A Ptosis crutch is installed onto the pair of glasses aiding the lid to function properly without surgery. The drooping lid is supported by the crutch which is a bar attached to the inside of the eyewire frame. A fold above the eye is created by the crutch raising it above the pupil. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

Domain V - Dispensing Procedures

23.	What is the best lens treatment to reduce water and road surface glare?
		a. AR
		b. Dark tint
		c. Photochromic
		d. Polarized
Polarized lenses reduce the glare of surfaces, such as pavement, snow or water with a chemical filter that absorbs the incoming horizontal light and allows only vertical light to pass through the lens. This is often confused with Anti-Reflective lenses which reduce reflections on the surfaces of the coated lens and does not reduce glare on external surfaces. Dark tint and Photochromic lenses will allow less light to pass through the lens making it easier to see in bright sunlight however, neither will reduce the glare on surfaces. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

24.	The hard resin material used in plastic lenses is known as:
		a. Cellulose acetate
		b. CR-39
		c. CR-49
		d. PMMA
CR-39 (Columbia Resin #39) is the material used to manufacture the most basic lens material available and is often offered with no added features. Cellulose acetate is a hypoallergenic plant-based plastic used in frame manufacturing. Conventional hard contact lenses are made from a material called polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

Domain VI - Laws, Regulations and Standards

25.	Which private agency is responsible for establishing commercial and industry standards?
		a. ANSI
		b. ASCII
		c. ASTM
		d. None of the above
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private agency that oversees the standards for products, services, processes, and personnel in the U.S. All optical lenses must abide by the standards set in place by ANSI and must fall within the tolerances for sphere, cylinder, and axis powers. ASTM is the international organization that overseas global standards. ACSII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange and has nothing to do with optical standards. Incorrect answer. Please choose another answer.

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Quality starts with who wrote the material.

Our practice exam writer

Traci Cothran,

ABOC, is a licensed optician and instructor with over 30 years of experience in the optical field. She teaches Ophthalmic Medical Assisting at Greenville Technical College in South Carolina.

Linda Johnson,
ABOC, NCLEC, is a licensed optician and instructor with over 30 years of experience in the field of opticianry. She was an instructor in Optical Dispensing at the American Career College in California.

Our practice exam follows the National Opticianry Competency Exam (NOCE) content outline:

Ophthamalic Optics
Occular Anatomy
Occular Physiology
Occular Pathology
Refraction
Ophthamalic Products
Instrumentation
Dispensing Procedures
Laws
Regulations
Standards

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