Lymphedema is difficult to manage, and may not respond to diuretics, elevation or compression stockings. Of the following, what is one of the most common causes of lymphedema? a. Tumor pressure b. Constipation c. Surgical procedures d. All of the above
d - All of the noted options are common causes of lymphedema, and are included as anything which blocks the return of lymphatic fluid in the periphery or in the abdomen. Lymphedema can be very difficult to treat, once it starts. Use of compression is one of the most effective interventions, if the patient can tolerate it. Another helpful option, depending on patient tolerance, is lymphatic massage by a qualified professional. 186
